Plasticizers can be mainly divided into the following three common types according to their chemical structure and application characteristics:

1. Phthalates

• Features: the most widely used, low cost, good plasticizing effect.

• Common varieties: dioctyl phthalate (DOP/DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), etc.

• Uses: used in PVC products (such as soft plastics, cables, toys), but some varieties have health disputes (such as DEHP), which are limited in the food and medical fields.

2. Aliphatic Diesters

• Features: excellent low temperature resistance and long-lasting flexibility.

• Common varieties: dioctyl sebacate (DOS), dioctyl adipate (DOA).

• Uses: plastic products that need to be cold-resistant, such as automotive parts, refrigeration equipment, and outdoor products.

3. Phosphates

• Features: Both plasticizing and flame retardant, but poor cold resistance.

• Common varieties: Tritolyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP).

• Applications: wires and cables, flame retardant plastics and synthetic materials.

Other supplementary types

• Epoxy (such as epoxidized soybean oil): environmentally friendly and non-toxic, used for food packaging and medical devices.

• Polyester: good durability, suitable for long-term use of materials (such as automotive interiors).

• Note: Due to potential health risks, some varieties of phthalates have been restricted for use in the EU and other regions, and alternative plasticizers (such as citrates and trimellitates) are gradually emerging. When choosing, it is necessary to consider the performance requirements, environmental regulations and safety comprehensively.